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General AI assistants (LLMs) supporting Deep Research

Scientific AI workbenches and agents (early developments)

Solving textbook problems

Problems trivial for experts can be solved by general AI assistants. For example, some tables and code for PointGroups package are developed by a non-expert in group theory with Gemini assistance.

Software program specific assistance

Such AI tools are often natively incorporated into a program. External tools are cited in help pages or documentation for that specific software.

Coding assistants

Literature search

A single-paper research project normally requires no more than 100 articles to provide the essental background knowledge (not counting technical and historical citations). The challenge is that these 100 articles constitute only a tiny fraction (less than 1%) of total publications relevant for the project.

To perform basic literature review use semantic-based tools

To analyze citations use

There are additional tools for filtering (reviewers):

There are also integral solutions usually requiring subscription:

Literature-based answers

Reading assistants

Writing assistants

To add citations to your statements use Jenni, Paperpal, Anara, or NotebookLM for fixed list of sources and Consensus or Perplexity for open list.

Tools integrated into other tools